How to Recognize a High-Functioning Alcoholic: Signs & Symptoms

More than 15 million adults in the United States struggled with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in 2016, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) publishes, which equates to more than  5.5 percent of the American population (age 12 and older). Alcoholism is a disease with far-reaching implications, negatively impacting families, work life, and society in general. It costs the American people around $250 billion annually when taking into account crime, health care costs, and lost workplace productivity, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains.

Alcoholism does not look the same for everyone, however. In fact, there is a class of alcoholism called high-functioning wherein a person appears to have it together on the outside. High-functioning alcoholics likely have good jobs, are successful and productive, and have families and a seemingly stable home life. They are often highly educated, keep up with regular obligations, and don’t have legal or criminal issues related to drinking.

The New York Times reports that as many as half of all those battling alcoholism may be classified as high-functioning alcoholics, or HFAs. A high-functioning alcoholic is still battling the disease of alcoholism and, therefore, still at risk for many physical health, social, behavioral, occupational, and emotional issues related to problematic drinking and alcoholism in general.

SIGNIFIERS OF HIGH-FUNCTIONING ALCOHOLISM

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) publishes that doctors typically diagnose alcoholism, or AUD, when problematic drinking causes harm or distress. There are specific signs to look for. They include:

A high-functioning alcoholic can typically hide issues related to alcohol from most people, however, and all of these signs may not be present or pertain to the person. Physical alcohol dependence may not be present in a high-functioning alcoholic, for example. They may be able to go days or even weeks without drinking and without suffering from serious alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

They are likely to spend a lot of time thinking about the next time they will drink, but it just may not be overt or shared with those around them.

Since many of the typical stereotypes, or even recognized signs, of alcoholism may not be visible in a high-functioning alcoholic, it can be hard to realize the extent of the issue, Psychology Today warns. Alcoholism is a potentially fatal disease, and even high-functioning alcoholics are at great risk for numerous possible issues related to drinking.

Some of the signs of a high-functioning alcoholic that indicate it is time to seek help include:

WHAT TO DO WHEN ALCOHOLISM IS SUSPECTED IN A LOVED ONE

In many cases, it takes a major event to get a high-functioning alcoholic to recognize the hazards and implications of their drinking. It might be a DUI (driving under the influence), citation or arrest, a divorce due to an inability of a partner to continue to keep picking up the pieces and dealing with the fallout of the drinking, a botched project at work, significant health problems from drinking, or accusations of sexual abuse or misconduct related to intoxication.

Family members and loved ones often act as enablers in the case of high-functioning alcoholics, making excuses for their behavior and cleaning up their messes. It can be easy to make excuses for someone who seems to get things done, brings home a decent paycheck, and keeps up with most outward appearances. High-functioning alcoholics are often charming, social, popular, and successful.

Recognizing the signs of a drinking problem and the potential for high-functioning alcoholism in a loved one can aid in getting help before a major life-altering event. Contrary to popular belief, a person does not have to hit rock bottom to seek help. There are several things you can do once you realize a problem exists.

One of the first things is to stop engaging in enabling behaviors. Stop offering excuses for their behaviors to a boss or coworker, and stop cleaning up their vomit or tucking them into the couch at night when they black out.

A high-functioning alcoholic is likely to be in extreme denial, refusing to recognize that drinking is even an issue at all. This is partly because they can still function most of the time. It also makes it easier to give them a free pass on their drinking.

Alcohol is one of the top causes of disease and death worldwide, USA Today warns, killing close to 3 million people every year.

If someone in your life may be a high-functioning alcoholic, getting them help can literally be lifesaving.

GETTING ADDITIONAL HELP

It may help to enlist the help of a professional interventionist to schedule a structured meeting (an intervention) that can help you and other loved ones to address the problematic drinking and get the person into a specialized treatment program.

An intervention can be a great way to help a loved one recognize the impact of their drinking on those around them and help them realize that it’s time to get help.

There are many different forms of addiction treatment programs to choose from, even programs that cater to professionals and make concessions so that clients can continue to work and manage obligations as needed.

An outpatient program that allows a person to schedule counseling, therapy, workshops, educational trainings, and support group sessions around school, work, or family obligations can be beneficial for a high-functioning alcoholic.

Private inpatient or residential programs can offer a high level of confidentiality and anonymity to protect a person’s privacy. They also provide a safe and stable environment to enhance overall wellness.

Regardless of the type of program you choose, it is essential to get professional help for high-functioning alcoholism. Even though it may seem like the situation is sustainable, continued alcohol abuse causes serious damage.